There's widespread understanding that STIs facilitate the spread of HIV and have enormous public health significance, but little agreement about how to best tackle the problem. This session will use a rapid, interactive format to highlight some of the challenges and controversies in STIs: At a time of exquisitely sensitive tests for STIs, why does most of the world rely on syndromic management? Molecular epidemiology can pinpoint how STIs spread, but does this type of contact tracing undermine confidentiality? Prophylactic antibiotics can reduce incident STIs, but what about the specter of increasing antibiotic resistance? And perhaps the most central question of all: Can we develop reliable approaches to reducing STIs that do not interfere with sexual pleasure and intimacy?